Mediterranean Electricity
Interconnection Perspective

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Executive Summary

The present edition of the Mediterranean Electricity Interconnection Perspective (MEIP) represents the result of the collaboration between the 20 Transmission System Operators (TSOs)1 of Med-TSO, aimed at exploring the opportunities to strengthen the electrical integration across the Mediterranean region.

Together with the updated Master Plan of Interconnection, this document is one of the key deliverables of TEASIMED 2 (Towards an Efficient, Adequate, Sustainable and Interconnected MEDiterranean Power System 2), the fourth consecutive project co-funded by the European Commission to sustain the development of the region.

The report includes the assessment of 11 interconnection projects promoted by Mediterranean TSO members from 13 different countries, spanning five different corridors characterised by common geographical particularities and challenges. It also includes seven exploratory projects, analysed to assess the potential benefits of increasing transmission capacity across borders currently not directly investigated by Med-TSO members. Including these exploratory projects, the total number of involved countries rises to 18 in total.

Projects are assessed for the first time with a view to the 2040 time-horizon and considering three different energy scenarios developed by Med-TSO members, in alignment with the scenarios developed by ENTSO-E, the Association of European TSOs, in the framework of the 2024 Ten-Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP).

meip-2025-main-results
Figure 1: MEIP 2025 Main Results

Within the framework of the MEIP, TSOs were given the opportunity and the tools to identify possible evolution trends for the whole Mediterranean region, identify the associated system and network needs, and assess the benefits of interconnection projects to cover them.

Observing at the results and the overall indicators resulting from the MEIP as depicted in Figure 1, the following key considerations could be extracted:

  •  Globally, the execution of all 18 interconnection projects, including exploratory ones, would result in around 20.5 GW of additional transfer capacity, involving investments up to €48bn. This would significantly contribute to the development of the Mediterranean regon in the medium term from economic, social and environmental perspectives.
  • While the updated Master Plan provides useful insights on projects currently under development or currently included in TSOs’ National Development Plans (NDPs), the MEIP predominantly focuses on future interconnections subject to preliminary assessment, and even exploratory interconnection projects.
  • Developing new interconnection capacity is crucial for leveraging the complementarities among Mediterranean countries, supporting renewable energy integration and contributing to the reduction of CO2.
  • In certain cases, interconnections help rduce the energy isolation of specific countries or regions, significantly enhancing their security of supply (SoS), while also contributing to system stability.
  • Building interconnections looking at both the 2030 and 2040 horizons represents a fundamental step towards the progressive, long-term energy integration of the Mediterranean region. This process will require continued development to ensure efficient operational use of the available transmission capacity. 

GLOSSARY

AC: Alternative current

CBA: Cost Benefits Analysis

CCGT: Combine Cycle Gas Turbine

DBMED: Mediterranean Database

DC: Direct current

EC: European Commission

EENS: Expected Energy Not Supplied

ENS: Energy Not Served

ENTSO-E: European Network of Transmission
System Operators for Electricity

EU: European Union

GDP: Gross domestic product

GHGs: Greenhouse gases

GWh: Gigawatt hour

HVAC: High voltage alternating current transmission

HVDC: High voltage direct current transmission

IN: Inertial scenario

kV: kilovolt

LCC: Line-commutated current-sourced converters

LOLE: Loss of Load Expectation

MA: Mediterranean Ambition scenario

MEDREG: Mediterranean Energy Regulators

Med-TSO: Association of the Mediterranean
Transmission System Operators (TSOs)

MENA: Middle East and North Africa

MWh: Megawatt hour

MMP: Mediterranean Masterplan

NDP: National Development Plan

NTC: Net Transfer Capacity

OCGT: Open Cycle Gas Turbine

PCI: Project of Common Interest

PINT: Put IN one at a Time

PiTs: Points in Time

PMI: Project of Mutual Interest

PR: Proactive scenario

PV: Photovoltaics

RES: Renewable Energy Sources

SEW: Socio-economic welfare

SoS: Security of supply

TEASIMED: Towards an Efficient, Adequate, Sustainable
and  Interconnected MEDiterranean power system

TOOT: Take One Out at a Time

TSO: Transmission System Operator

TYMNDP: Ten-Year Mediterranean
Network Development Plan

UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change

VSC: Voltage source converters

VOLL: Value of Lost Load